Women Rights in Saudi Arabia - 1800 Words

English 101 Essay #1 We can do it In most of the western civilization, particularly the Americans had heard or seen this female wartime propaganda poster created by J. Miller. There is much in our art and literature that romanticizes girls and women and the role they play in our culture. Nowadays, there is around 3.3 billion female living in our world. Sadly, one in every three women worldwide are victims of sexual, physical, emotional, and other abuse during their lifetime. Being female often means being sentenced to a life of poverty, exploitation, and deprivation. Therefore there are around 1 billion abused women around the world every single year. Being an ambassador’s son, I believe it is the most fortunate and†¦show more content†¦We are living in the 21st century, and there are still traditions from the 19th century, and that is just insane. Somehow, I knew I was losing Ms. Basha’ir. I could tell she was not the same person. Her energy in teaching was slowly disappearing. Her dream to one day be freed of limitations was getting smaller each day. And I understood perfectly what she was going through. With all those restrictions I would probably feel the same way. During my free time when I would step outside from school I saw that gender segregation is common in all areas of public life in Saudi Arabia, from the more obvious places, like swimming pools in public clubs, gyms and resorts to the less obvious, such as restaurants, coffee shops and even in ice cream shops. While you will hardly ever encounter a single Saudi woman on the streets, a woman living in Saudi Arabia who would like to dine out alone in the evening can usually do so in the family area of most restaurants. I have heard and witnessed enough about this absurd way of life. I started to think how I could help Ms. Basha’ir and the only way would be throughout my father’s diplomacy. I knew that would be almost impossible since most of the women in Saudi Arabia when want to be free from such an arbitrary lifestyle so they escape to another country. And that was exactly what happened. On certain day Ms. Basha’ir did not show up for her class. We were informed that she would not be teaching anymore. We just could notShow MoreRelatedWomen s Civil Rights Of Saudi Arabia And Consultative Council ( Majlis Alshura )1591 Words   |  7 Pagesability to act upon Women s civil rights challenges in Saudi Arabia are: The king of Saudi Arabia, Consultative Council (Majlis Alshura), The Council of Senior Scholars, The National Society for Human Rights, Human Rights Advocates, The Media, Saudi Ultra-Conservatives and the Saudi women themselves. See the matrix below to get more information about it: Policy Analysis Current Situation: As the researcher mentioned above some of Saudi Arabian citizens still look down upon women and they still believeRead MoreThe Culture Of Saudi Arabia1588 Words   |  7 Pages THE CULTURE OF SAUDI ARABIA SSG LUCAS, TIMOTHY 13B40 SENIOR LEADER COURSE (003-17) THE CULTURE OF SAUDI ARABIA The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a very diverse group of people with a heavy religious background. The Kingdom, located on the Arabian Peninsula situated amongst a very hot and arid climate. The people of Saudi Arabia remain very family oriented and have transformed from a nomadic culture to a very wealthy and thriving nation, largely due to theirRead MoreThe Importance Of A Training Program For Women851 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In Saudi Arabia, there is a need to activate the participation the role of women in the development process in the community. The role of female in Saudi society is to be a good mother and a good wife. Women in any society like men, and they have the same right to work. Women are less than half of Saudi society, and the estimated proportion of women in Saudi society is about 45% of the population. They have not an important and active role in the renaissance of the community. EducationRead MoreSaudi Women s Participation For Public Atmosphere1281 Words   |  6 Pages Saudi Women s Participation in Public Atmosphere Introduction The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the most influential countries in The Middle East. It is also a key member of the Gulf Countries Cooperation, amalgamation of monarchies in the Arabian Peninsula. Saudi Arabia is currently ruled by King Salman Al-Saud was crowned as the King on January 23, 2015. Saudi Arabia is also the cofounder of The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which plays a significant rule in theRead MoreThe Rights Of Women And Education1645 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance. In the United States women are held at an equal level with men, we’ve fought for this sense of equality for several years and unfortunately, not all women across the world have had that same success. Women from other countries do not have half of the rights that we do here in the United States, and this is something that we seem to never really think about. Saudi Arabia is just one of the many countries around the world in which the women do not have as many rights as men do. Being a feministRead MoreArgument Essay Outline903 Words   |  4 PagesOutline I. Introduction a. Hook: Women make up one half of society. Our society will remain backward and in chains unless its women are liberated, enlightened, and educated b. Background Information: women play important role in the family, men in Saudi Arabia consider women as a second sort. c. Opposing Position: Men in Saudi Arabia believe women should enjoy their lives and follow religious customs d. Thesis Statement: women in Saudi Arabia are deprived many rights, such as driving and social restrictionsRead MoreSaudi Arabian Women And The Obstacles1620 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract THE FOCUS OF THIS PAPER WILL BE ON SAUDI ARABIAN WOMEN AND THE OBSTACLES THEY MUST OVERCOME TO ACCESS HEALTHCARE. WHAT MANY BELIEVE TO BE SHARIAH LAW CONCERNING WOMEN’S RIGHTS OF HEALTHCARE IS ACTUALLY BASED MORE ON TRADITION AND CUSTOM RATHER THAN LAW. UNFORTUNATELY, MANY PEOPLE IN SAUDI ARABIA ARE UNAWARE OF THIS AND STILL ABIDE BY THESE TRADITIONS AS IF THEY ARE LAWS. THESE PEOPLE INCLUDE MEN AND WOMEN, AND MANY HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS. IN SAUDI ARABIA, MOST OF THE POPULATION IS ULTRA CONSERVATIVERead More Fighting for Equal Rights in Two Opposite Countries Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesIt is hard to believe that in the world that we live in, there are still countries in which women fight to have their rights. In the twentieth first century, there are countries that woman, â€Å"regardless of age or marital status is required to have a male guardian. Her guardian may be her father, her husband, her uncle, her brother, or even her own son† (Mandi). In strict arab cou ntries, Saudi Arabia, women are considered inferior to men, taking to an extreme point in which female are not registeredRead MoreHow Is It Different Countries?1444 Words   |  6 Pagesand systems of stratification and inequality in Saudi Arabia and UAE. As a woman living in one county could be totally different than living in another one. Women s status could be challenging in some countries and could be easy in another. Women s status in each society and culture differs in different ways around the world. In some societies, women s status improved progressively, while in other, it dropped or remained unimproved. Saudi Arabia has its own traditions that are carried from anRead MoreCan Nine Minimum Criteria Be Used for a Democracy in Yemen and Saudi Arabia?859 Words   |  4 Pagesof the nine criteria, if not all, are irrelevant in my assigned countries, since both my assigned countries are non-democratic. Criteria one gives elected officials constitutional power to make policy. Under this criteria, Yemen and Saudi both differ. Saudi Arabia has a Shura council, which is an advisory body, but they do not enact and enforce laws, only the King can. In Yemen, there are elected officials and a parliament; however, the power they have is also limited. The second criteria guarantees

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight An Analysis of Parallel...

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: An Analysis of Parallel Scenes The anonymous author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was supposedly the first to have originated the alternation of temptation and hunting scenes, which both contribute importantly to the effectiveness of the poem (Benson 57). The two narratives are obviously meant to be read as complementary. Therefore, the parallel juxtaposition of seemingly unrelated episodes is the basic characteristic of the narrative. The narrative, which appears parallel, contrasts temptation and beheading tales; which posed the major problem of unity for the early critics (Benson 26). H. L. Savage analyzes the relation between the hunting and temptation scenes and concludes that they are†¦show more content†¦They are each a variation that blend to point up to Gawains trial and his hosts involvement in it. The lady is intent unpon her prey (Gawain) as her husband is intent upon his prey (wild game). The hosts pursiut of his prey then becomes a commentary on the ladys pursuit of Gawain. The significance of the animals at each stage of the hunt narrative is symbolic; the hunting scenes act as metaphors for the temptations (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight). In the first hunting scene a deer is obtained. The deer is portrayed as gentle. The poet provides great detail about the hunt and the carving- both of which are considered to be skills of ideal courtly perfection. In the first temptation scene Gawain uses his skills of courteous speech to please the lady all the while remaining loyal to his host; which is the ideal behaviour expected of a knight (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight). In the second scene the prey is the boar, which is considered to be aggressive. The host is fierce in his quest and finally emerges as the victor. In the second temptation scene, the lady is much more aggressive in her attack on Gawains knightly reputation. Gawian must work harder to please the lady with his courtly speech on the subject of love. In the third hunting scene the host is very disapointed, he spent an entire day of hunting and only obtained a fox;Show MoreRelatedSir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight the poet depicts an entertaining story of adventure and intrigue. However, the poem is more than a grand adventure. It is an attempt to explore the moral ideals of Sir Gawain. Gawains standards are represented by the pentangle on his shield. The depiction of the pentangle occurs when Sir Gawain is preparing to gear up for his quest for the Green Chapel. Gawains outfit is described in great detail, including its color,Read MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pagesstandards set by your university. (―Sample—Statement of Purpose 3.â€â€" English for Practical Purposes, Fall 2002. 2002. Web.) http://sex.ncu.edu.tw/members/Ho/study/2002fall_praticalenglish/st2002f_praticalenglish_1025j.htm Environmental Studies Two scenes stand out in my mind from my visit to Brazil‘s Wetland: Forests burning before seed planting and trees as hedgerows. Before the planting season, I could see the leafless remnants of burnt trees still standing. The burning of pristine forests destroys

Overview of the Japanese Business Etiquettes-Samples for Students

Question: You are to prepare a formal analytical essay of strictly on Japanese Business Etiquette and steps that Emily can use to make a favourable first impression when she visits Japan to meet with Mr. Hamasaki. Answer: Introduction The essay is based on the business internationalization of The aromatic condiment shop, a small business owned by an Australian lady named Emily. The business model of The aromatic condiment shop is based on the experimentation on various food items in order to create and sell new and exotic condiments. Some of the popular products of the organization are sauces, chutneys and pastes, which have a lot of chances of being popular in the Japanese markets. This in turn is the reason behind the decision of the business internationalization into the Japanese markets. This essay analyzes the difference in the business culture of Australia and Japan along with the Japanese business etiquettes to ensure the meeting to be successful. Overview of the Japanese business etiquettes The Japanese business etiquettes are based on a few very important factors like honesty, honor and punctuality. The Japanese put a lot of importance on maintaining full honesty in all of their business transactions and activities. The businessmen in Japan expect all of their business partners and market intermediaries to be absolutely honest in all of their activities. The Japanese businessmen also ensure the presence of honesty in all of their activities. Honor gets converted into business ethics in case of the business transactions and activities. This in turn allows the Japanese businessmen to have strong compliance to the core ethical values. All of these core ethical values of the Japanese businessmen allow business ethics to be a very strong component of their daily activities. After honesty and honor, the Japanese businessmen put a lot of importance on punctuality. The Japanese believe in rules and following those rules in their daily activities (Tanaka, 2015). So, being in time and completing their activities on time has paramount importance to the Japanese businessmen. Another aspect of the Japanese business etiquettes is the importance provided to the relationship among the individuals. This in turn allows the Japanese businessmen to consider the mutual understanding, respect and relationship with their fellow colleagues to have utmost importance in their daily activities. The Japanese ensure that they show respect to their colleagues in all of their interactions and try to establish a close relationship with their colleagues. This in turn allows the Japanese to have a strong value towards human emotions and lives. Apart from these factors, humbleness is another major component of the Japanese business etiquettes. The Japanese believe in being humble and down to earth in their daily activities and interactions. The Japanese dont believe in being brash or arrogant in their business interactions and meetings. The Japanese business etiquettes also include a practice of providing more importance to the senior employees. The age of the businessman or employee is directly proportional to the value given to him or her in the business model. So the senior members in an organization are given a lot of importance in the organizational hierarchy both in terms of their expertise and experience (Hirschmeier, 2013). Difference between Australian and Japanese business etiquettes There are a number of differences between the Australian and Japanese business etiquette, which should be analyzed thoroughly for making the meeting between Emily and Mr. Hamasaki a success. The biggest difference between the Australian and Japanese business etiquettes is the style of meeting and greeting. The Australian business etiquettes allow the businessmen to greet each other with a casual handshake and a smile on the face. This casual style of greeting in the Australian business etiquettes is very different from the style of greeting in Japanese business etiquettes. The Japanese business etiquettes require the businessmen to greet each other very formally, which should include a customary bow to show respect. The Australian business etiquettes allows the business dinners and lunches to have casual conversation with casual dining etiquettes. But the Japanese business etiquettes require the business meetings over lunch or dinner to be formal along with the usage of proper dining practices. The Australian business etiquettes dont require the businessmen to have a strong and close relationship for a successful business venture. But the Japanese business etiquettes put a lot of importance on the relationships with other individuals. All of these differences in the Australian and Japanese business etiquettes pose as a threat to the success of the meeting between Emily and Mr. Hamasaki (Eckard., 2014) Areas of potential cross-cultural miscommunication There a number of potential cross-cultural miscommunications possible during the meeting between Emily and Mr. Hamasaki. This section analyzes these possible cross-cultural miscommunications based on the HOFSTEDE cultural framework results for Australia and Japan. The figure 1 shows a comparison between the business etiquettes in Australia and Japan in terms of the HOFSTEDE cultural framework. Japan has a value of 54 and Australia has 36 for the factor of power distance, which defines the power distribution in the corresponding countries (Rothlin, 2016). The Japanese businessmen put a lot of importance for the hierarchy in the organization and the hierarchies are defined in terms of age and experience of the individuals. In case of Australian business etiquettes, the hierarchy isnt given a lot of importance and the individuals are put into various positions based on their capabilities and skills. This a potential factor for cultural miscommunication, as Mr. Hamasaki is 55 years old and expects his business partners to show him and his decision making process that much of respect. But Emily accustomed to Australian business etiquettes doesnt give a lot of importance to the hierarchical structure and decision making process, which could lead to a miscommunication. Source: https://geert-hofstede.com Figure 1 Comparison between Japan and Australia (HOFSTEDEs cultural framework) The factor of individualism defines how much the individuals in the corresponding societies are dependent on others. The score of 90 for Australia defines the society and business environment in Australia to be highly individualistic, which means that the Australian business etiquettes dont require the individuals to have close relationships with their business partners and colleagues. But the business etiquettes in Japan require the individuals to have close relations with their colleagues and business partners. For the meeting between Emily and Mr. Hamasaki, this could be a potential reason for cultural miscommunication as the importance of personal relationships are different for each of them as per their countrys business etiquettes (Nakano, 2017). Recommendations for making the meeting a success As per the analysis till now, there are a couple of differences between the business etiquettes and cultures in Australia and Japan. These differences in turn could lead to the failure of the meeting between Emily and Mr. Hamasaki. This section covers some recommendations for Emily to ensure that the meeting becomes successful. The first thing to note is the value of honesty and humbleness in the Japanese business etiquettes. So Emily should ensure that she is clear, transparent and honest in all of her interactions with Mr. Hamasaki without being brash or arrogant. Being humble will be the key for Emily to have a successful meeting with Mr. Hamasaki. As Mr. Hamasaki is 55 years old, he would expect a lot of respect for his seniority, experience and decision making skills according to the Japanese business etiquettes (Dunn, 2013). So Emily should ensure that shes respectful to Mr. Hamasaki during their meeting. Being punctual is something else which Japanese business etiquettes put a lot of interest in. So Emily should ensure that the meeting is done with clear and concise agenda without going out of the scheduled time along with being on time for the meeting. Emily should consider carrying ample amount of business cards to the meeting as the Japanese business etiquettes put a lot of value in maintaining business cards. Other than these, Emily should learn the Japanese way of greeting in order to ensure that she follows the business etiquettes or custom in Japan (Craig, 2015). She should refrain from taking any gifts for Mr. Hamasaki as the Japanese business etiquettes References Craig, T.J., 2015.Japan Pop: Inside the World of Japanese Popular Culture. Routledge. Dunn, C.D., 2013. Speaking politely, kindly, and beautifully: Ideologies of politeness in Japanese business etiquette training. Eckard Marchiori, B., E. Carraher, C. and Stiles, K., 2014. Understanding and overcoming business etiquette differences in Japan, Turkey, and the United States of America.Journal of Technology Management in China,9(3), pp.274-288. Hirschmeier, J. and Yui, T., 2013.The development of Japanese business: 1600-1973. Routledge. Nakano, T., 2017. 1 Japanese business and management in evolution.Japanese Management in Evolution: New Directions, Breaks, and Emerging Practices, p.1. Rothlin, S. and McCann, D., 2016. The Social Environment: Business Etiquette and Cultural Sensitivity. InInternational Business Ethics(pp. 321-340). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tanaka, A. and Kleiner, B., 2015. Cross-Cultural Business Etiquette.Culture Religion Review Journal,2015(1).

Relating Disney to Religion free essay sample

This story is about a marionettes quest to becoming a real boy. We will write a custom essay sample on Relating Disney to Religion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pinocchio’s Creator was Geppetto, a carpenter, who fell in love with the outcome of his work and wished upon a star that this marionette he created would become alive. The Blue Fairy is the one responsible for making Geppetto’s wish come true. She gave life to Pinocchio but not as a real boy, instead he was just a living marionette who had to prove he was worthy of becoming a real boy by being brave, truthful, and unselfish. Jiminy Cricket is a representation of Pinocchio’s conscience during his quest to becoming a real boy. Throughout Pinocchio’s journey there are many examples that can be seen as an Initiation. All initiations follow the same basic pattern. They are brought about through a change or development of the self, in this case it would be proving that Pinocchio was good enough to become a real boy. His journey starts once he is given the gift of life and free will by the blue fairy. Its is here where he must learn to be the right person, but like anyone else he must first make mistakes in order to learn from them. One day as he is on his way to school he is approached by Foulfellow the fox and Gideon the cat he is convinced by them to go work for easy money, he is sold to Stromboli the puppeteer show promoter, he is kept there as a slave until one day he is able to escape with the aid of the Blue Fairy. Soon after that Pinocchio is again confronted by Foulfellow the fox, who is able to convince him to go to Pleasure Island a place with no school or laws. Kids can eat, drink, smoke, fight and destroy what they wish, all under the vigilant eye of The Coachman. What Pinocchio doesn’t know is that the more reckless the kids are at Pleasure Island the better because the main purpose of this island is to turn reckless youth into donkeys which will later be exploited by the Coachman to work in a mine. Pinocchio begins to turn into a donkey, he grows ears and a tail, he begins to realize what is happening and regains his consciousness and is able to escape. Once, he is able to get back home, he finds out that his creator Geppetto has been swallowed by a whale. It is at this moment that Pinocchio begins the three stages of Initiation he leaves behind his bad-mannered lifestyle and goes on a unselfish quest to save his father. Separation from his old ways starts when he bravely jumps in the ocean and looks for Mondo the whale and attempts to get swallowed by it so that he could get reunited with his Creator in order to save him. He finally finds the whale and is able to get reunited with Geppetto. Pinocchio develops an escape plan by burning wood in order to make Monstro sneeze. The plan works, Pinocchio grabs a hold of Geppeto and swims as fast as he can but Monstro goes after them and causes them to crash into land. I believe this part where Pinocchio is trying to save his father is an example of liminality because he is unsure of what is to come. He is in limbo as to what will happen next. As soon as Geppetto regains consciousness he realizes that Pinocchio is laying lifeless face down in a puddle. They take his wooden remains home and mourn his death, but the Blue Fairy decides that Pinocchio has proven himself unselfish and thus fulfills her promise to turn him into a real boy, bringing him back to life. This is what I believe is the last step of initiation, reaggregation, Pinocchio has created a new self and has a new identity. This is now the identity that he has, and the old identity has been destroyed, and he is ready to reincorporate himself back into society as this new person. No matter what, he can never go back to the old identity or the old self.

Free Essays on The McLibel Trial

In the mid 1980’s the small activist group London Greenpeace began a campaign against McDonalds, the main allegations said to be the feeling that McDonalds embodies everything wrong with the prevailing corporate mentality. In 1985 London Greenpeace organized the â€Å"International Day of Action Against McDonalds†, which is still held annually in Britain. The following year the organization began to distribute leaflets titled â€Å"What is wrong with McDonalds? – Everything they don’t want you to know.† In retaliation to this, McDonalds hired several private investigators to infiltrate the organization and provide names of the people heading this campaign. The investigators provided the names of five individuals who were mainly responsible for the slander of McDonalds. In 1990 McDonalds served libel writs against the five, offering them two options; either retract the statements made in the leaflet and apologize, or go on to court. Three of the five apologized, knowing what they were up against, but three, Helen Steel and Dave Morris, refused and said they would go to court. Steel and Morris would be representing themselves, while McDonalds hired Richard Rampton, along with a very extensive legal team to represent the conglomerate. In 1993 Rampton applied to have the trial heard by only a judge, stating that ordinary citizens would not be able to comprehend the complicated issues that McDonalds proposed to use as evidence. The judge agreed and decided the trial could be held without a jury. Steel and Morris now set out to prove that the statements in their leaflet were true, therefore they could not be construed as libelous. Under British law a libel case must be decided on the information provide by witness’s and documentary proof, so the defense had to round up their witness’s. On June 28, 1994 the libel trial was finally started in the Royal Courts of Justice, London, presided over by Mr. Justice Bell. McDonald... Free Essays on The McLibel Trial Free Essays on The McLibel Trial In the mid 1980’s the small activist group London Greenpeace began a campaign against McDonalds, the main allegations said to be the feeling that McDonalds embodies everything wrong with the prevailing corporate mentality. In 1985 London Greenpeace organized the â€Å"International Day of Action Against McDonalds†, which is still held annually in Britain. The following year the organization began to distribute leaflets titled â€Å"What is wrong with McDonalds? – Everything they don’t want you to know.† In retaliation to this, McDonalds hired several private investigators to infiltrate the organization and provide names of the people heading this campaign. The investigators provided the names of five individuals who were mainly responsible for the slander of McDonalds. In 1990 McDonalds served libel writs against the five, offering them two options; either retract the statements made in the leaflet and apologize, or go on to court. Three of the five apologized, knowing what they were up against, but three, Helen Steel and Dave Morris, refused and said they would go to court. Steel and Morris would be representing themselves, while McDonalds hired Richard Rampton, along with a very extensive legal team to represent the conglomerate. In 1993 Rampton applied to have the trial heard by only a judge, stating that ordinary citizens would not be able to comprehend the complicated issues that McDonalds proposed to use as evidence. The judge agreed and decided the trial could be held without a jury. Steel and Morris now set out to prove that the statements in their leaflet were true, therefore they could not be construed as libelous. Under British law a libel case must be decided on the information provide by witness’s and documentary proof, so the defense had to round up their witness’s. On June 28, 1994 the libel trial was finally started in the Royal Courts of Justice, London, presided over by Mr. Justice Bell. McDonald...

How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist Resume

How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist Resume as the medical professionals who often (quite literally) get patients back on their feet, occupational therapists are more ins)How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Physician Assistant Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Receptionist Resume (Examples Included)How to Create a Perfect Retail ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Social Worker Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Truck Driver Resume (With Examples)

Labeling theorists Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Labeling theorists - Research Paper Example The use of word such as criminal, thief or felon influences deviant behavior of individuals an aspect that result to increasing cases of crimes in the society. Based on its argument that the criminal justice system is limited in its effort to restrain unlawful conduct, the labeling theory has been criticized for its failure to explain serious offences that occur in the society. Some individuals indicate that by terming other people as criminals is not appropriate and the labeling theorists should use specific words such as rapists, murderer or child abuser (Mann et al, 1999). On its part, the cultural deviance theory indicates that the cause of criminal behaviors among the lower class is due to conformity to the prevailing cultural norms. On their part, the individuals in the working class commit criminal activities in their efforts to respond to cultural norms within their own class. Apart from the labeling theory and cultural deviance theory, this paper seeks to discuss another the ory than tends to avoid stereotyping individuals in the criminal justice system. Strain theory on its part indicates that a crime is a function of the conflict between the objectives that are focused by individuals and the strategies they can adopt to legally achieve them. The theory indicates that ones class plays a major role in obtaining their goals which are the same for all people. As the result, individuals at the lower class, feel anger, resentment and experience frustration an aspect referred to as strain (Piquero and Miriam, 2000). Strain can either be structural or individual. Structural strain indicates the process within the society that affect the way one sees his or her wants. For example lack of adequate regulations or social structures may result to change of ones perceptions. On the other hand, individual strains entail the pains and frictions that are experienced by individuals in their efforts to look for ways to satisfy them. Once the lower class members

The Concepts of Race Relations as Reflected in the Media Research Paper

The Concepts of Race Relations as Reflected in the Media - Research Paper Example Stereotyping to the extent of creating media-fueled labels creates a danger to society in which one ethnicity can be singled out in order to create a sense of ‘safety’ for another. One example of this can be seen in the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II as a sign of containing the threat of the Japanese. As well, the new Arizona law that requires all non-citizens to carry identification suggests that in the fight against illegal immigration a racial profile will be used to detain anyone of appearance that might not be a legal citizen. In suggesting that ‘whiteness’ is the norm from which behaviour can be identified as typical creates a conflict with the actual behaviour that exists in the world as well as a problem for those whose ethnic appearance does not fit into what is expected. The idea of ‘whiteness’ is considered a defining standard from which the American experience is then typified. According to Cooks and Simpson (20 08, p. 273), ‘whiteness’ can be defined as â€Å"a process of universalizing, through which white identity is inaugurated as the standard for racializing matrices - all racialized locations are compared to white identity†. The word that most often is associated with this concept is that of privilege. Through the concept of privilege, the ’white’ norm is defined as a luxury of life in which racial constraints have not influenced the success of a family. The benefit of privilege in which the white body experiences freedoms from the constraints of skin color denotes a form of stereotypical point of view that is then reflected within the media.

Project Report on Performance Appraisal Essay Example for Free

Project Report on Performance Appraisal Essay It is not constituted by individual sounds but by their accurately measure the performance of its members and use it objectively to optimize them as vital resources. The performance of an employee is his resultant behavior on task which can be bserved and evaluated. It refers to the contribution made by an individual in the accomplishment of organizational objectives. Performance can be measured by combining quantity, quality, time and cost. People do not learn unless they are given feedback on the results of their actions. For learning to take place, feedback should be provided regularly and it should register both successes and failures. It should also follow soon after the relevant action or actions. Performance appraisal system provides management an opportunity to recall as well as give feedback to people. This feedback is pertaining the performance of the worker. This helps them to correct their mistakes and acquire new skills. Performance appraisal (PA) refers to all those procedures that are used to evaluate the personality, the performance and the potential of its group members. Evaluation is different from Judgment. The former is concerned with performance and the latter is concerned with the individual. While evaluation deals with achievement of goals, a Judgment has an undercurrent of personal attack and is likely to evoke resistance. Performance appraisal could be informal or formal. Informal performance appraisal is a continuous process of feeding back information o the subordinates about how well they are doing their work in the organization. The informal appraisal is conducted on a day-today basis. For example, the manager spontaneously mentions that a particular piece of work was well performed or poorly performed. It is due to the close connection between the behavior and the feedback on it, the informal appraisal quickly encourages desirable performance and discourages undesirable performance before it becomes permanently ingrained. Therefore, informal appraisal should not be perceived merely as a casual occurrence but as an important activity and an integral part of the organizations culture. The formal performance appraisal occurs usually annually on formal basis and involves appraise and appraiser in finding answers to the following questions: 1 . What performance level has to be achieved during the period? 2. Has it been achieved? 3. What has been the shortfall and constraints? 4. What are we going to do now? 5. How will we know that we have done it? 6. What kind of feedback can be expected? 7. What assistance can be expected to improve performance? 8. What rewards and opportunities are likely to follow from the performance appraisal? When the employees have this type of information, they are aware of the following pecifications:- 2. What assistance is available? 3. What can they expect when the required level of performance is achieved? This increases employee acceptance of the appraisal process and results in the trust that the employee has in the organization. An environment that affords an opportunity for further growth while minimizing stressful situations certainly enhances appraisal acceptance. Establishing this type of environment goes far beyond the performance appraisal process. Every aspect of managing people and their work relates to the improvement of their quality of work life. Performance appraisal is an integral part of trusting, healthy and happy work environment that goes a long way in promoting the same. Performance appraisal has been used for the following three purposes: Remedial Maintenance Development A performance appraisal needs to cover all these three purposes with the same focus. If any purpose predominates, the system becomes out of balance. For instance, if remedial purpose is foremost, then the performance appraisal may become a disciplinary tool, a form of a charge sheet and a tool of power instead of instrument of evaluation.

Great Literature - Some Things Never Change :: Literature Essays Literary Criticism

Great Literature - Some Things Never Change Great literature is a book or piece of literature that passes through the ages and allows the reader to identify with the characters. Another element that makes great literature are morals that fit with each passing generation. The last element of great literature is heroism. An example of literature that passes through the ages is Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger. By not attaching current stereotypes and standards to characters, Holden Caulfield is a timeless character. Each generation that has read the book has been able to identify with his antics. Lashing out at his teachers and assuming sundry identities to fit in is a common thing among adolescents. Writing about problems that regular people encounter is another way literature goes from one generation to the next. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a boy's struggle against society's standards. Most young men rebel against society and any form of authority. Running away from home and problems is a thought most adolescents consider. Morals that pass from one generation to another are important in literature. A literary example is The Scarlet Letter by Hawthorne. Most of the morals contained in the book are religious. Being faithful to a spouse has always been an important moral, especially in Puritan New England where adultery was considered as heinous as murder. Even thought adulterous spouses aren't looked down upon now as severely as in Puritan New England, it is one thing that is still taught consistently in church and in the home as being bad. Another literary example is The Odyssey by Homer. More heroic and hardworking morals are presented in the epic poem. Work hard and you will obtain what you want or desire and good will always triumph over evil are the main morals in the epic poem. The last element that makes great literature is heroism. Although the character may be fighting ancient gods, demons, monsters, or his or her own destiny, a reader is able to scale down the size of the fight and apply it to his or her life.

What Is Demorphin and How Does It Work?

Dermorphin By Kimberly French They are about two to three inches long, bask in the sun by day and track down insects by night. They walk rather than hopping and are native to the dry prairie of Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Known scientifically as phyllomedusa sauvagii, the waxy monkey leaf frog or painted belly leaf frog is often kept as a pet and although these frogs have a careful, calm demeanor, they produce a substance called dermorphin, which is a painkiller 40 times the strength of morphine, and has been responsible for a rash of recent positive drug tests in Quarter Horse and lower-level Thoroughbred races.The waxy monkey leaf frog and its secretion have enough notoriety to be mentioned in a Paul Simon song, Senorita With A Necklace of Tears. â€Å"A frog in South America whose venom is the cure for all the suffering mankind must endure,† he sang. â€Å"More powerful than morphine and soothing as the rain. A frog in South American has the antidote for pain . † As mentioned earlier, dermorphin is extremely potent but does not seem to be as addictive as morphine and is classified by Racing Commissioners International as a Class One drug. It has no therapeutic value whatsoever. Craig W.Stevens, a professor of pharmacology at Oklahoma State University who has studied dermorphin, told the New York Times on June 19 the substance makes animals â€Å"hyper. † â€Å"For a racehorse it would be beneficial,† he said. â€Å"The animal wouldn’t feel pain and it would have feelings of excitation and euphoria. † Located in Denver, Colorado, Industrial Laboratories was the first lab to definitively ascertain dermorphin in postrace testing after clients passed along information from racetrack workers that the frog secretion was being used and some materials confiscated on the backstretch were actually demorphin. We identified dermorphin,† Petra Hartmann, director of direct testing services for Industrial Laborat ories told the New York Times. â€Å"We knew it was out there. There is no resting in this business. You are always chasing something trying to determine what’s rumor, what’s real. † In Hartmann’s opinion dermorphin use is not all over the backside. â€Å"The vast majority of horsemen would never subject their horse to this kind of chemical experimentation,† she said. â€Å"This is a tough issue,† Ed Martin, president of Racing Commissioners International told the New York Times. It’s a cat and mouse game. As soon as you call out dermorphin, they will try something else. That is the daily battle that goes on. † To date more than 30 horses from three states, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Louisiana, have tested positive for the drug. On July 31, the Louisiana State Racing Commission will meet and discuss pending dermorphin cases against nine trainers. These include Quarter Horse trainers Alonzo Loya, Gonzalo Gonzales, Alvin Smith, Jr. , Darell Soileau, Steve Garrison and Thoroughbred trainers Keith Charles, Kyi Lormand and Anthony Agilar.Also on the list is prominent Quarter Horse trainer Heath Taylor, who won the 2008 All American Futurity with the sport’s leading money earner Stoli’s Winner. â€Å"This whole thing has really taken us by surprise,† Charles Gardiner III, executive director of the Louisiana Racing Commission told the New York Times. â€Å"It couldn’t have come at a worse time. We’re fighting back federal intervention. We’re under attack and losing our fan base. Fans believe that the sport is dirty, that there is cheating. And here we have an obvious attempt to cheat. I’m sure there are more positives across the country.It’s not unusual that something isn’t being detected. † â€Å"We hear about some pretty exotic stuff,† Dr. Steven Barker, who directs the testing laboratory at Louisiana State  University, told the New Yo rk Times. â€Å"Frog juice — this is exotic. † Barker also told the Times 15 horses had tested positive in Oklahoma. On May 25, eight of the 25 qualifying victors for the Grade I Ruidoso Futurity at Ruidoso Downs in New Mexico, tested positive for dermorphin, a third place trial finisher also tested positive for the same drug. Two of the winning horses also tested positive for the anabolic steroid stanozolol.The trainers in question include Carl Draper and Carlos Sedillo, who at this time are in the top 10 Quarter Horse trainers in the U. S. in money won, two-time All American Futurity winner John H. Bassett, and J. Heath Reed, whose family has figured prominently in the sport. Two of the horses conditioned by Draper are co-owned by Lola Willis, wife of the New Mexico Racing Commissioner Ray Willis. Willis has been a Quarter horse owner and breeder for nearly three decades and was a member of the New Mexico Racing Commission’s Medication Committee for four years .None of the cases have been prosecuted and no charges filed as the trainers all requested split sample testing and are waiting on the results. Kentucky joined the short list of states that have begun to test for dermorphin and no traces of the drug were found in the system of any of the participants in this year’s Kentucky Derby and Kentucky Oaks. Five of the Derby horses were tested and four Oaks fillies. The test was recently developed by Rick Sams, director of the HFL Sports Lab in Lexington and comes out shortly after the Bluegrass State became the first in the nation to ban the use of Lasix or Salix on raceday. We have not received any intelligence suggesting it has been or is being used in Kentucky,† Dr. Mary Scollay, the equine medical director for the Kentucky Horse Racing Commission. â€Å"However, the detection of dermorphin in other racing jurisdictions post-race samples means that Kentucky needs to be testing for it. † On June 19 the Racing Medicatio n and Testing Consortium sent a notice to state racing regulators to be on the seeking out this drug which it called a â€Å"threat to racing integrity† and also explained dermorphin can be produced synthetically. There’s a lot out there and that would be an awful lot of frogs that would have to be squeezed,† Barker told the New York Times. â€Å"There are a lot of unemployed chemists out there. † To date, there have been no positives in Standardbred or higher end Thoroughbred races. â€Å"It’s kind of like the rules and regulations that apply to driving in different states,† Martin said. â€Å"People know they aren’t supposed to drive drunk or speed, but there are always people that don’t follow the rules. Racing is no different. The cheaters always find a way to cheat or come up with some new drug, but they almost always get caught in the end. † 2 3 4 5

Environmental Racism: Take Out the Race Essay

The best way to avoid environmental racism is to avoid the subject of race at all costs. Race should never be the subject of any discussion about vital decisions regarding humanity, because when race becomes a focal point, then the discussion automatically becomes racist. The best way to avoid racism in general, including environmental racism, is to keep race out of important debates and choices, including environmental, social, economic, and political ones. When politicians plan for the development of a city, neighborhood, or industry, which has an environmental impact, the best thing politicians can do is to either allow businesses to make their own economic judgments about how, where, and when to build, or to simply use sound economic judgment themselves. If one looks to business and urban planning or environmental development and protection, one must look to costs and benefits. If the costs are low and benefits are high to a city or region in regard to incoming business or environmental changes, then the politicians should make the decision to act in favor of good business and environmental practices. In my opinion, race has no place in the discussion. Sound economics should be considered, including sound planning and social and environmental benefits, but race is never a smart card to be played. Why consider race? Considering it only makes racism more of a truth and reality. Environmental justice is important, social justice is important, and economic justice is important. All of these are linked together, and, in all of these, the color of a person’s skin is an outdated and silly point of consideration. Best practices in government, in business, in ecology, are fundamentally tied to one another, and bringing differing races into the argument is only prejudiced and unreasonable. Protecting all of united humanity and humanity’s surrounding ecology should always be a consideration, but divisive race should never be. It proves fruitless. References (Client’s uploaded article information. No author, date, title, or publisher provided. )

The Matrix - Movie Overview essays

The Matrix - Movie Overview essays Thomas Anderson is a man who lives a double life. Thomas Anderson is a computer programmer at a reputable company. Neo is his alter ego and is a computer hacker that does side jobs for money. The movie opens with Neo waking up to a somebody talking to him through his computer. Neo doesnt know what to make of this but the person in the computer tells him to follow the white rabbit. Neo sees a woman with a tattoo of a white rabbit on her shoulder and decides to go with her and some other men to a night club. At this night club is where Neo meets Trinity. Trinity asks Neo if he wants to know what the matrix is and tells him about Morpheus. Neo awakens the next morning late for work and still confused as to what happened the night before. While sitting at his desk Neo gets a telegram that contains a cell phone. As soon as he opens the package the cell phone rings and Morpheus is on the other end. Morpheus informs Neo that agents are on their way to his desk to take him away. Morpheus instructs Neo of a way to escape the agents by going to the window and climbing up to the roof. Neo drops his phone while on the ledge and ends up getting taken into custody by the agents. This is where Mr. Smith is introduced. He is the head agent and is not someone to be taken lightly. Mr. Smith shows Neo, whom he calls Mr. Anderson, the personal file that they have kept of him and his crimes hacking computers. Mr. Smith offers Neo a deal that if he cooperates and helps them catch Morpheus then he will be rid of the file and have a clean start. Neo does not cooperate and the agents plant a bug like tracer into Neos belly button. Neo again awakens in his bed not sure of what has happened. His telephone rings and Morpheus tells him it is time to meet and arranges for Trinity and crew to pick him up. Trinity removes the bug from Neos belly button and takes him to go see Morpheus. Morpheus tells Neo what the matrix is. The matrix...

The Civil War Siege of Vicksburg

The Civil War Siege of Vicksburg The siege of Vicksburg on July 4, 1863, was a significant battle of the United States Civil War, and the culmination of one of the most brilliant military campaigns of the war. Vicksburg was a fortress with a massive artillery located on a sharp bend in the Mississippi River. Known as the Gibraltar of the Confederacy, Vicksburg controlled movement and trade along the Mississippi and linked Texas and Louisiana to the rest of the Confederacy. It was the second largest city in Mississippi after Natchez, with an economy based on cotton and riverboat trade and transportation. The 1860 census reports that Vicksburg had a population of 4,591 people, including 3,158 whites, 31 free blacks, and 1,402 slaves. Failed Attempts, and a Plan The north early recognized Vicksburg as a pivotal point, and the first northern siege of the city was attempted in summer 1862 by Admiral David Farragut. General ​Ulysses S. Grant tried again in the winter of 1862-1863, and after two more unsuccessful assaults in May of 1863, Grant began to plan a long-term strategy. To take the fort, there needed to be weeks of bombardment and isolation of Vicksburg from its sources of food, ammunition, and soldiers. Federal forces held the Mississippi River, and as long as the Union forces held their position, the encircled Confederates led by Major Maurice Kavanaugh Simons and the Second Texas Infantry faced decreasing resources. Assembled Union forces began making their way south to Vicksburg during the summer of 1863, masked by occasional forays by gunboats shelling random targets and cavalry raids. By June many of Vicksburgs residents hid in underground caves, and all the people and soldiers were on short rations. The Vicksburg press reported that there would soon be forces coming to their rescue, but General John C. Pemberton who was in charge of Vicksburgs defense knew better and began to scale down expectations. Progress, and a Literary Reference Intermittent shelling from the river increased and intensified during the first week of July, and Vicksburg fell on the fourth. Troops marched in and the stronghold with 30,000 men was ceded to the Union. The battle had 19,233 casualties of which 10,142 were Union soldiers, but the control of Vicksburg meant that the Union commanded traffic on the Mississippi Rivers southern reaches. With the loss of Pemberton’s army and this vital stronghold on the Mississippi, the Confederacy was effectively split in half. Grants successes in the West boosted his reputation, leading ultimately to his appointment as General-in-Chief of the Union armies. Mark Twain and Vicksburg Twenty years later, American satirist Mark Twain used the siege of Vicksburg to craft his Battle of the Sand-Belt in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court. According to Mark Twain aficionado and science fiction writer Scott Dalrymple, Grant is represented in the novel by its hero, Boss Hank Morgan. Like reports of the Siege of Vicksburg, the Battle of the Sand-Belt is, says Dalrymple, a relentlessly realistic portrayal of war, a clash between a chivalric, slave-owning, agrarian society and a modern, technologically advanced republic led by a general-president. Sources Braudaway DL. 2001. A Texan Records the Civil War Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi: The Journal of Maj. Maurice Kavanaugh Simons, 1863. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 105(1):92-131.Dalrymple S. 1996. Just War, Pure and Simple: A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court and the American Civil War. American Literary Realism, 1870-1910 29(1):1-11.Henry G, and Simms LM. 1967. A Louisiana Engineer at the Siege of Vicksburg: Letters of Henry Ginder. Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association 8(4):371-378.Osborn GC. 1955. A Tennessean at the Siege of Vicksburg: The Diary of Samuel Alexander Ramsey Swan, May-July, 1863. Tennessee Historical Quarterly 14(4):353-372.

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Philosophy - Essay Example While there is a general dictionary understanding of a gadfly, when examining the lives of Socrates, Martin Luther King, and Malcolm X, one can view their thematic similarities and come to understand the definition of gadfly incarnate. In these regards, all men share a similar propensity towards upsetting the status quo. In the case of Socrates it was through his influence on the Athenian youth that upset the upper level powers that ultimately put him to death. In the instances of Dr. King and Malcom X they work towards upsetting the status quo through fighting, albeit in different ways, for equal rights. In letters from a Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr. speaks of a creative tension that must exist for true social progress to occur. In discussing this creative tension, King has been addressing criticism he has received for protests in which took part in with which he has been imprisoned for. The general theme of his letter is addresses the reasons for this non-violent protest . When he reaches the part that refers to creative tension, he is actually referring to the necessity of protest to bring individuals to the negotiating table. This is in essence the creative tension that king is referring to; it is not a violent way of sparking negotiation or change, but a non-violent yet direct means of creatively producing tension in the social environment so that political powers will take notice and engage in meaningful discussion. C) Creative tension is demonstrated in both the lives of Socrates and Martin Luther King Jr. As is noted above, Martin Luther King’s understanding of creative tension is non-violent protest that leads to the implementation of social change. In ‘Letters from a Birmingham Jail’ King brilliantly elucidates his stance on this issue as he demonstrates the reasons behind his engaging in the non-violent protest, One of the basic points in your statement is that the action that I and my associates have taken in Birmingham is untimely. Some have asked: "Why didn't you give the new city administration time to act?" The only answer that I can give to this query is that the new Birmingham administration must be prodded about as much as the outgoing one, before it will act. We are sadly mistaken if we feel that the election of Albert Boutwell as mayor will bring the millennium to Birmingham (King). Here King is demonstrating that the protest was necessary to so that the mayor would agree to negotiate. In Socrates, one sees a slightly different incarnation of creative tension. Both Socrates and Dr. King demonstrate a willingness to challenge society based on a belief that there are aspects of the social order that must be overturned to enact a more fair and balanced means of existence. In the Apology, Socrates states, For know that this is the command of God; and I believe that no greater good has ever happened in the state than my service to the God. For I do nothing but go about persuading you all, old and young alike, not to take thought for your persons or your properties, but first and chiefly to care about the greatest improvement of the soul (Plato 30a). In these regards, Socrates version of creative tension is much more closely linked to a belief in a higher state of consciousness that must be followed rather than the constructs of the social order. While Socrates is speaking to society at large, his message of creative tension is ultimately a more personal one. Socrates is indicating that one should improve their soul and follow this path to genuine existence and knowledge even at the cost of death. D) When considering Malcolm X, one notes that his ultimate goal is similar to Dr. King’s in that both men desire equal rights for the races. With Malcolm X, the main difference is his extremity, as he believes this should be achieved at all costs, even violence. His rational for this is related to historical precedent, as he points to the bloodshed that was lost in the Re volutionary War over achieving equal rights, and argues that similar steps must be

INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING - Essay Example This common set of recognized accounting standards are collectively known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).These standards provide information in how to properly communicate economic events or transactions (Investorwords, 2011). The conceptual framework of accounting provides the required information and guidelines regarding the objectives of financial reporting, the qualitative characteristics of financial information, operating guidelines and composition and required elements of financial statements. According to Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) the goals of financial reporting are to provide information that: Its useful for making investment and credit decisions Is helpful in assessing the value of future cash flows Identifies assets, liabilities and serves to identify changes in those resources and claims (Obaidat, 2007). In order to make financial information useful there are certain qualitative characteristics that all accounting information must po sses to prove useful in the decision making posses. These characteristics are (Cliffnotes, 2011): 1. Relevance-the accounting information provided to the user must make a difference in their decision making. Relevant financial information has to provide either predictive value, provide feedback value or both. Predictive value helps the user forecast future events, such as predicting future stock valuation or future earnings. Information that provides feedback value focuses on confirming or corrects prior information or assumptions . In order for information to be relevant it must be provided in a timely manner so it can provide the right information and at the correct timeframe where it can help guide the decision making process. 2. Reliability-It is expected that financial information must be free of material errors or persona bias. In order to be reliable the information provided must be verifiable, in order to prove that it is free from material errors or bias. As an additional r equirement the substance of the information provided must be a faithful representation of the economic events which it summarizes. The last prerequisite of reliable information must be neutral or free of bias. 3. Comparability-the usefulness of financial information is maximized when it can be compared with similar accounting information of other businesses or enterprises. This comparability can only be achieved when the different companies adopt the same accounting principles. In general comparability extends to all accounting not to only financial statements but to all accounting procedures such as costing, inventory and expense recognition. Since there are variations in GAAP and procedures that can be utilized the company must fully disclose the accounting methods used for the recording of financial events or transactions. 4. Consistency-The principle of consistency simply means that a company must use the same accounting principles and methodology from year to year. If a company decides to change any of its accounting practices and adopts a new method, it is the responsibility of management to prove that the new method provides a more accurate or meaningful representation of the financial information. There are a series of operating constrains and guidelines that serve as the foundation to any financial account. These guidelines are classified as assumptions, principles and constraints (Investorwords, 2011).

Art of Darkness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Art of Darkness - Essay Example rop Frye discusses it in his essay, refers simply to a special kind of narrative.1 The special nature of this narrative is that it is devised to reflect the beliefs of a particular culture, especially as it uses the concept of the supernatural to explore and explain natural events and the essence of human nature. Frye’s argument is that this mythic narrative is included in almost all of the archetypes used in literature and that these concepts are also found within our most sacred ritual events as we continue to seek the true nature of the order of life. Considering Frye’s discussion of myth, ritual and the natural cycle as it is presented in The Archetypes of Literature, it can be seen that there are several rituals and beliefs that we experience in modern life that we are perhaps not even aware of as being a voluntary affirmation of the natural order of life, such as the beliefs we associate with the concept of darkness. An examination into the traditional values asso ciated with darkness helps to inform the shift in focus seen as the world began to shift into its more modern configuration. Generally acknowledged to have started with the publication of Horace Walpole’s novel The Castle of Otranto in 1764, the Gothic genre represents a fundamental shift in thinking from one dominated by ideals and reason to one of imagination and emotion.2 Gothic literature is characterized by its unique way of combining horror and romance to create a completely new genre that, particularly after the advent of Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytic theory,3 focused more and more on the power of the mind to terrify itself. Common elements found within Gothic literature include terror, the supernatural, ghosts, haunted houses with a particular type of architecture, castles, darkness, death, madness, secrets and hereditary curses. Characters typically fall into stereotypical personas such as the femmes fatales, flawed heroes, monsters of various types and flawed individuals.

Plato | Introduction and Evaluation

Plato | Introduction and Evaluation Plato An allegory, by definition, is a figurative mode of representation conveying a meaning other then the literal. An allegory is referred to as a figure of language but it does not need to be expressed this way. It can be expressed in pictures, sculptures, and other forms of art. The â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† is of that used by Plato within his work, The Republic. This work is examined by his student Socrates and is found to be related to Plato’s â€Å"Metaphor of the Sun† and â€Å"analogy of the divided line.† Plato’s Republic tries to illustrate the degrees in which our nature can be enlightened or unenlightened. Plato in a discussion with an acquaintance by the name Glaucon, urges him to imagine the condition of men living in a sort of cavernous chamber underground, with an entrance open to the light and a long passage all down the cave. Here the men have remained since childhood, chained by the leg and by the neck. The men cannot move and can only see what is in front of them. At a high distance up there is a light of a fire burning behind them, between said fire and the prisoners there is a parapet built along it. This is used to hide the performers who show their puppets along the top of the parapet. Behind the parapet, there are a number of people carrying various artificial objects, including figures of men and animals in wood or stone and various other materials. There objects are projected above the parapet. Some of the persons are talking while others remain silent. According to Plato the prisoners confined would see nothing of themselves or others except for a bit of the cave shadows carried past. They would also only speak in reference to said shadows. In every way, the prisoners would recognize reality as nothing but the shadows of those artificial objects. Plato then asks us to consider what would happen if one of the prisoners was released from their chains and set free. That prisoner would be forced to have to stand up, walk upright, and walk with his eyes directed towards the light. All these movements would be painful to said prisoner. The prisoner would also be dazzled by all that existed in this â€Å"outside world† to notice what objects had been making the illusions and shadows all along. If someone told him that what he had formerly had seen was a meaningless illusion and was actually now nearer to reality then before, it would be extremely difficult for the prisoner to believe. If someone actually showed him the various obje cts being carried and told what each of them was, the prisoner would be perplexed and would probably believe that most of the objects shown to him were not real and what he formerly saw was. Plato then goes on to detail what would happen if the prisoner had to look at the firelight itself. According to Plato, the prisoner’s eyes would ache and he would try to escape to the things he could see distinctly. The prisoner would then be convinced that they were clearer then those other objects being shown to him. Plato also addresses what would happen if the prisoner were to be dragged away forcibly up the steep and rugged ascent and would not be let go until he faced the sunlight. The prisoner would be so affected by his treatment that he would suffer pain and confusion. The prisoner would then be blinded by the light of the sun and would not be able to see any of the objects he was told were now existent and real. The prisoner would need to grow accustomed before he could see things in the â€Å"upper world.† He would have to start small, viewing things such as shadows and reflections before he viewed more complex images such as that of sky, the light of the moon, and the stars. The prisoner would then move on to view the Sun and contemplate its existence. From examining it, the prisoner would then conclude that the Sun produces the seasons and the course of the year and controls everything in the visible world, and moreover it is the cause of all that he and his companions use to see. The prisoner would then consider his former fellow prisoners and he would surely think himself happy in the change and would feel sorry for them. The prisoners may have had a practice where they honored and commended one another, with a prize for the man who had the keenest eye for the passing of shadows and the best memory for the order in which they followed or accompanied one another, so that he could make a good guess as to which was going to come next. Plato questions whether the released prisoner would be likely to covet those prizes or to envy the men exalted to honor or power in the cave. Plato questions if the prisoner would be like Homer’s Achilles, and he would far sooner endure â€Å"being on earth as a hired servant in the house of a landless man† or endure anything rather then go back to his old beliefs and live in the old way. Plato then goes on to imagine what would happen if the prisoner went down again to take his former place within the cave. The prisoner would be emerging from the sunlight into a cavern filled with darkness. He would possibly be required to give his opinion on shadows, in competition with the prisoners who had never been released, while his eyes were still dim and unsteady, since the prisoner has not yet accustomed himself to the light. The other prisoners would laugh at him and say that he had left only to come back with his eyesight damaged, this according to itself would caution them from attempting to escape the cave. If someone did try to free them, they would more then likely to lay hands upon said person and try to kill them. Plato then goes on to explain several things. The prison-like cave corresponds to the region revealed to us through the sense of sight and the firelight within it is similar to the power of the sun. The ascent to see the things in the upper world would be similar to the upward journey of the soul into the intelligible world. According to Plato, this is what he feels to be true but only Heaven truly knows whether it is true. According to Plato, in the world of knowledge, the last thing to be perceived and with great difficultly is the essential Form of Goodness. Once it is perceived, the conclusions must follow that, for all things, this is the cause of whatever is right and good in the visible world it gives birth to light and to the lord of light, white it is itself sovereign in the intelligible world and the parent of intelligence and truth. Without having had a vision of this Form no one can act with wisdom, either in his own life or in matters of the state According to Plato, individuals who have reached this state are often reluctant to manage the affairs of men. Their souls long to spend all their time in the upper world. They would have a difficult time interpreting from larger affairs such as the contemplation of divine things as opposed to the miseries of normal human life. The sensible man will remember that the eyes may be confused in two ways, by the change from light to darkness or from darkness to light; he will recognize that the same thing happens to the soul. He will then notice that the soul faces such differences. The soul will have difficulty differentiating between good and evil. In essence, education is not what it is said to be by some it does not put knowledge into a soul which goes not possess it, on the contrary, the soul has every available capability to have the power of leaning the truth and the organ to see it with. In order for one’s eye to see light instead of darkness their entire soul must be turned away from the changing world until its eye can bear to contemplate reality and the supreme splendor which we have called the Good. Hence there may well be an art whose aim would be to affect this very thing, the conversion of the soul; this would ensure that the soul instead of looking in the wrong direction would face the way it ought to be. We as individuals have souls that tell us the difference between good and evil. Our conscience helps us in learning what is morally acceptable and what is ultimately not. According to Plato, wisdom is the virtue of divine faculty, it never loses its power, its use for good or evil depends on which way it is turned. The use of wisdom, however, can be greatly harmful when it is used for evil. Plato then goes on to detail how a state cannot be properly governed by those who are uneducated. These people know nothing of the truth and cannot differentiate from what is good and what is inherently evil. It is up to the duty of philosophers to inform the public of what is good. Philosophers must teach other to make the journey towards wisdom. It is then that law can be property applied to ensure the welfare of the commonwealth as a whole. This will ultimately unite citizens in harmony; the community will share its rights and privileges as one. This will ultimately lead to a more united state. According to Plato, there is no real injustice in compelling philosophers to watch over and care for other citizens. Philosophers will have to act as teachers and mentors to ultimately secure the safety of a nation. Due to this, individuals will become more capable of being men of thought and men of action. Individuals would then be able to live with the rest of the world in â€Å"darkness.† The only difference is that they will be able to recognize every image for what it is and what it represents. These individuals will already be familiar with the concepts of justice, beauty, and goodness. Due to this, society would be more suitable to live in. Those in office or in power will understand the needs of their nation and of their people. According to Plato, this government will ultimately be based in truth. A true government is at its best and free only when its rulers understands the consequences of his actions, the needs of his people, and does not desire power and glory. The holding of ruler and power will only be viewed as an unavoidable necessity. The truth, according to Plato, is that we can have a well-governed society only if our rulers discover that there is a better life then that of being in office. Then power will be in the hands of men who value happiness and a good wise life above everything else. What goes wrong in government is when individuals seek happiness and power from public affairs. These rulers seek about fighting for power, thus ruining themselves and their own country. The life of true philosophy is that only one that looks down upon offices of state, who does not seek power and who does not love the ability to rule. If this does not exist, then life is open to warfare and turmoil. Ultimately, the best life is that of one lead by someone who seeks the best principles of government. One who does not covet power or wealth. This will ultimately lead to a good life for the ruler and his nation, this in the end being the best reward of all. Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† explains to us how we as individuals are in a â€Å"lower realm† of knowledge. The Allegory of the Cave symbolizes this journey and how it would look to those still in a lower realm. Plato is saying that humans are all prisoners and that the tangible world is our cave. The things which we perceive as real are actually just shadows on a wall. Just as the escaped prisoner ascends into the light of the sun, we amass knowledge and ascend into the light of true reality, where ideas in our minds can help us understand the form of â€Å"The Good†. This notion of â€Å"The Good† ultimately leads us to live successful lives that are based on knowledge, much like rulers who know what is needed to maintain the welfare of their nation. Knowledge is the greatest thing to have, according to Plato it is the basis for all things â€Å"good† within the universe.

Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart - The Downfall of the Ibo Essay

One of Chinua Achebe’s goals in Things Fall Apart is to portray Ibo culture vividly and honestly. Unlike European perspectives of the Africans – such as Conrad’s Heart of Darkness – Achebe’s representation explains intricate customs, rituals, and laws and develops individual characters. Things Fall Apart shows Ibo society to be fully functioning and full of life. However, Achebe maintains his objectivity and avoids giving the Ibo any undue sympathy, painting some of their customs – such as the mandatory abandonment of infant twins – in a questionable light. While it is easy for us – especially in this age of political correctness and multiculturalism – to place upon the white man all the blame for the downfall of the Ibo, Achebe does not make the situation so simple. In fact, it is the acquiescence of his comrades, not the intrusion of the Europeans, which eventually causes Okonkwo to take his own life. Thus, it is difficult to place the Ibo and the white men into traditional categories of good and evil, for each exhibits positive and negative qualities. Although the Ibo certainly possessed a lively, stable society before the Europeans arrived, their internal struggles contributed to their own demise. DEVELOPED CULTURE Throughout the novel, Achebe offers detailed illustrations of the richness of Ibo culture. Many episodes do not directly advance the plot, but rather serve to provide examples of this culture. One of the most significant signs of the development of Ibo culture is its system of laws and justice. A whole chapter describes the proceedings as egwugwu (important clansmen who dress as village ancestors) determine the verdict in a wife-beating case (87). The villagers are not stupid enough to believe... ...ld do if the missionaries brought military reinforcements. In any case, if Ibo society can be compared to a tragic hero, its irrational beliefs would be its tragic flaw. It was these beliefs which directly alienated members of society, such as Nwoye, Nneka, and the osu, and created a rift within the Ibo. While such beliefs and customs are certainly evidence of the depth of Ibo culture, their irrational basis could not withstand the white man’s defiance of them, as shown by the church’s survival in the Evil Forest. Ironically, it is these beliefs – the presence of a social structure, the development of a religion – which not only show the richness of Ibo culture, but also lead to its downfall. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. â€Å"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness.† An Introduction to Literature. Terry, Joseph. New York, NY: Longman, 2001.

The Proposed Pilot Based Estimation Methods

The Proposed Pilot Based Estimation Methods Chapter Three The Proposed Pilot Based Estimation MethodsIntroductionIn this chapter, three proposed pilot allotment agreements would be discussed. The three proposals depends upon the pilot subcarrier distribution over the OFDM symbols with regard to both time-frequency allotment. The allotment would change for the same allotment proposal as different figure of pilots are used to keep different system public presentations. By analyzing those public presentations, a tradeoff based results can be used to take most optimal set for the needed system specifications, i.e. channel position and transmittal demands. Furthermore, those specifications can be changed during transmittal period harmonizing to the fluctuation in channel position or the alteration in transmittal demands by merely delegating a search tabular array for the system algorithm, i.e. â€Å"Flexible Pilot Insertion† .The Proposed MethodsThree pilot allotment agreements are proposed and simulated to analyze system public presentat ion for them. Fixed Pilot Allocation, Random Pilot Allocation and Lattice Pilot Allocation.Fixed Pilot AllocationsIn this OFDM symbol agreement, the pilot subcarriers are distributed in a mode that keeps there locations fixed for whole the OFDM symbols along whole the transmittal period. This allotment is similar to comb-type pilot agreement except that the infinites between the pilots are non needfully the same. The locations of pilot subcarriers of each figure of pilot set ( NP) are predefined in both sender and receiving system, therefore channel appraisal and insertion can took topographic point. Below figure 3.1 shows the proposed fixed pilot allotment agreement over frequency-time sphere for the 64-Subcarrier OFDM system.Subcarrier8 pilots OFDM Symbol16 pilots OFDM Symbol24 pilots OFDM Symbol32 pilots OFDM Symbol40 pilots OFDM Symbol1PhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorus2CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus3CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferol4CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus5CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorus6CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferol7CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorus8CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol9CalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorus10PhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol11CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorus12CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorus13CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferol14CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorus15CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorus16CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol17CalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorus18CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus19PhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferol20Calcif erolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorus21CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferol22CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus23CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferol24CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus25CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorus26CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferol27CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorus28PhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferol29CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorus30CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus31CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferol32CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus33CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorus34CalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferol35CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorus36CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol37PhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorus38CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus39CalciferolCalci ferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferol40CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorus41CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferol42CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorus43CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferol44CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus45CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorus46PhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol47CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorus48CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorus49CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferol50CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus51CalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferol52CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus53CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorus54CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferol55PhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorus56CalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferol57CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorus58CalciferolCalciferolCalc iferolCalciferolCalciferol59CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorus60CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus61CalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorus62CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol63CalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus64PhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPilot SubcarrierCalciferolDatas SubcarrierFigure 3.1 Fixed Pilot Allocation Frequency-Time ArrangementRandom Pilot AllocationsIn this OFDM symbol agreement, the pilot subcarriers are distributed indiscriminately over each OFDM symbol, while the figure of are kept the same which is specified by the NPset that used. The chief benefit of such allotment is randomness might increase the chance of tracking unpredictable fluctuation in both frequency-selective and time-variant channel. This method shows really important public presentation for utilizing different figure of pilot for channel appraisal, which would be efficient for aggressive channel s. However, as the sender generates random locations for pilots in each OFDM symbol, those location must be sent to the receiving system, so it can utilize those locations tones as pilots for appraisal. Below figure 3.2 illustrates the possible Random pilot allotment agreement over frequency-time sphere for the OFDM system. PhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphor usCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosp horusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusPhosphorusPilot SubcarrierCalciferolDatas SubcarrierFigure 3.2. Frequency-Time Random Pilot AllocationLattice Pilot AllocationsFor the Lattice pilot agreement, pilot subcarriers are inserted along both the clip and frequence axes. This pilot distribution in both clip and frequence axes facilitate both time-frequency sphere insertions for channel appraisal. However, the proposed distribution is differs from the traditional Lattic e agreement by that the pilot spacing along frequence axis are non the same. The pilot places are predefined for each NP ­set. While for the clip axis, the pilots swipe the whole OFDM subcarriers by switching their location with each OFDM symbol. Therefore with a specific clip period, the whole subcarriers would been used as pilot tones for preparation. The form for each NPset are known and stored in the receiving system, so it can utilize this form for channel appraisal on the accurate pilot locations. Here once more, the chief benefit for this allotment is to guarantee tracking the fluctuation in both frequency-selective and time-variant channel instead than maintain utilizing the same subcarriers for pilot dozenss, which might neglect to track frequency-selective channels. Below figure 3.3 shows the proposed Lattice pilot allotment agreement over frequency-time axes for the OFDM system.Subcarrier40-Subcarriers Pilot32-Subcarriers Pilot24-Subcarriers Pilot16-Subcarriers Pilot8-S ubcarriers Pilot1PhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol2CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol3PhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol4CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol5PhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalcif erolCalciferolCalciferol6CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferol7PhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferol8PhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorus9PhosphorusPhosphorusPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol10CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalcife rolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol11PhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol12CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol13PhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferol14CalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolCalciferolPhosphorusCalciferolCalciferol15PhosphorusCalciferolPhosphorusEssay Writing Service Fully referenced, delivered on clip, Essay Writing Service.Assignment Writing Service Everything we do is focussed on composing the best possible assignment for your exact demandsTaging Service Our Marking Service will assist you pick out the countries of your work that need betterment.View our servicesFree APA Referencing Tool Create your 6th Edition APA mentions rapidly, easy and for free!Free Harvard Referencing Tool Our free online Harvard Referencing Tool makes citing easy.Free Vancouver Referencing Tool Get aid with your Vancouver referencing with our free online tool.Free Study Guides Everything you need to cognize during your surveiesTopographic point an order now Our experts are waiting to assist you with your essayOur experts can assist you with your essay inquiryGet down your orderNo thanksRequest RemovalIf you are the original author of this essay and no longer wish to hold the essay published on the UK Essays web site so delight chink on the nexus below to bespeak remotion:Request the remotion of this essay

Aircraft Maintenance manuals

An airport cannot function without management. An airport manager may work for a large international airport or they may work for a small municipal airport, but generally the job duties and description will be almost the same. The main responsibility of the airport manager is to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the airport on a daily basis.This includes supporting staff and making sure that all staff is able to provide polite, prompt and correct information to travels, know airport policies and procedures, scheduling the appropriate number of staff, ensuring that all ticketing and security systems are in excellent working condition and troubleshooting any problems are all part of the airport managers job. The airport manager works closely with federal and state aviation committees and department that generate rules and regulations for all aspects of airport business and security.The airport manager must ensure that all aspects of the airport are functioning within these reg ulations or he or she must take the necessary actions to bring them into compliance. This may mean directly working with airport staff or working with the employees or businesses that rent space in the airport terminal. With working with airport staff, the manager must have a good amount of knowledge to understand the issues the staff is working with, such as aircraft maintenance. Aircraft maintenance is an important matter in which managers should have a good understanding of.Without good management in aircraft maintenance, conflicts can damage the safety and efficiency of an airport. As a manager, it is important to hire the most qualified technician and mechanic for operating on aircraft systems and maintenance. The aviation technician should be able to catch up with the new technologies as quickly as possible. New aircraft technology is brought in regularly, aircraft are regularly upgraded. Choosing the appropriate training methods and developing efficient and helpful training m aterial presumes an improved level of significance in current aviation maintenance atmosphere.Training and management entail the capability to evaluate workers' needs, assess personality traits, and develop challenging performance requirements. Training should be regarded as an integral part of the aviation management for attaining the safest maintenance. Having a maintenance program is also essential for achieving the highest possible level of safety for an airport. Managers should know if each of their aircraft is airworthy and properly maintained for operations in air transportation.The aircraft maintenance manual is a great guide in performing in accordance to for all maintenance on the aircrafts. Aircraft maintenance manuals must comply with FAR Parts 135 and 121, which is required by the Federal Aviation Administration regulations. In this manual, a manager can find sections of administrative policies and procedures, detailed instructions for administration, management, and ac complishment of the maintenance program, and technical manuals that describe maintenance standards, methods, techniques, and procedures (Aircraft Maintenance, 8).In addition to knowing maintenance regulations, a manager should also know and understand inspection regulations as well. It is highly important to have the correct inspections and know when to have those inspections for each aircraft in order for them to be airworthy. Having this knowledge will help maintain a safer and more efficient program, because if there were some aircrafts that are unairworthy, then that would waste time and costs for getting out of the way and getting it done. It is always important to sustain an inspected and maintained aircraft for the safety of the air transportation environment.Aging aircraft could also present particular dangers to personnel and passengers. Some aircraft remain in use far beyond the lifetimes initially envisioned when they were manufactured (Ells). Aircraft managers, therefore , should have a thorough plan in place for the maintenance of aircraft that are aging. In such a case, particular teams of people could also be assigned to the regular inspection and repair of such aircraft. The AOPA (Ells) provides a list of sources that should be inherent in a maintenance plan for aging aircraft.A complete list of logbook entries, for example, could provide valuable information relating to maintenance trends and the probably current level of repair. Major repairs should also be listed in such a logbook. Aircraft records from the FAA are also an important component of this investigation and can provide information such as bills-of-sale, repair, and alterations to the aircraft. Having such information on hand will make it much easier to investigate the state of repair of aging aircraft and also to plan for future inspection and repair efforts.It is vital that aging aircraft and all other aircraft to be kept in good working condition to minimize breakdown and acciden ts. Managers have the responsibility to ensure that all maintenance is performed in accordance with FAA and company guidelines. It is always important to know the aircraft systems, how they function and their errors, and know when aircraft inspections and maintenance should occur. Having a well-organized maintenance program will guarantee a safe and efficient airport. References (2012). Airport Management Jobs.Retrieved from http://www. avjobs. com/careers/detail. asp? RecID=65#. UHTLvFEkosw (2011). Federal Aviation Regulations. Retrieved from , http://www. risingup. com/fars/info/part121-135-FAR. shtml (2012). Aircraft Maintenance. Retrieved from https://erau. blackboard. com/bbcswebdav/institution/Worldwide_Online/MGMT_203/pre sentations/mgmt_203_m5_aiircraft_maintenance. pdf Ells, Steven. (2011). Retieved from http://www. aopa. org/members/files/pilot/2000/aging0006. html